Contact: Megan Sever msever@earthmagazine.org American Geological Institute
Alexandria, VA It's not every day that lava flows through a college campus parking lot. But, since January 2010, Syracuse University has been bringing the lava to Central New York. Using commercially available basalt gravel and a coke-fired furnace, the geologists involved with the Syracuse University Lava Project are able to produce a wide range of flow morphologies and other features at a scale comparable to natural flows.
Although one of the most common and voluminous types of lava flows, basaltic lava is still not completely understood. The majority of basaltic eruptions occur out of sight along mid-ocean ridge systems, making them difficult to observe in person. The Syracuse University Lava Project has transformed these typically dangerous and unpredictable events into controlled learning exercises where variables such as composition, temperature, flow rate and slope can be adjusted depending on the experiment. The project, the brainchild of a geologist and an artist, was originally designed to investigate the physical and aesthetic properties of lava as well as to create educational opportunities. The program has since expanded to involve the greater community.
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Find out how this remarkable project is providing data for cutting-edge research and attracting public attention online at http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/do-it-yourself-lava-flows.
Read this story and more all in the September issue of EARTH Magazine. Discover how short supervolcanoes' fuses really are; learn how superwinds blow star stuff into space; and unlock the mystery of Ireland's boulders all in this month's issue of EARTH.
Keep up to date with the latest happenings in Earth, energy and environment news with EARTH magazine online at http://www.earthmagazine.org/. Published by the American Geosciences Institute, EARTH is your source for the science behind the headlines.
The American Geosciences Institute is a nonprofit federation of geoscientific and professional associations that represents more than 250,000 geologists, geophysicists and other earth scientists. Founded in 1948, AGI provides information services to geoscientists, serves as a voice of shared interests in the profession, plays a major role in strengthening geoscience education, and strives to increase public awareness of the vital role the geosciences play in society's use of resources, resiliency to natural hazards, and interaction with the environment.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Megan Sever msever@earthmagazine.org American Geological Institute
Alexandria, VA It's not every day that lava flows through a college campus parking lot. But, since January 2010, Syracuse University has been bringing the lava to Central New York. Using commercially available basalt gravel and a coke-fired furnace, the geologists involved with the Syracuse University Lava Project are able to produce a wide range of flow morphologies and other features at a scale comparable to natural flows.
Although one of the most common and voluminous types of lava flows, basaltic lava is still not completely understood. The majority of basaltic eruptions occur out of sight along mid-ocean ridge systems, making them difficult to observe in person. The Syracuse University Lava Project has transformed these typically dangerous and unpredictable events into controlled learning exercises where variables such as composition, temperature, flow rate and slope can be adjusted depending on the experiment. The project, the brainchild of a geologist and an artist, was originally designed to investigate the physical and aesthetic properties of lava as well as to create educational opportunities. The program has since expanded to involve the greater community.
###
Find out how this remarkable project is providing data for cutting-edge research and attracting public attention online at http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/do-it-yourself-lava-flows.
Read this story and more all in the September issue of EARTH Magazine. Discover how short supervolcanoes' fuses really are; learn how superwinds blow star stuff into space; and unlock the mystery of Ireland's boulders all in this month's issue of EARTH.
Keep up to date with the latest happenings in Earth, energy and environment news with EARTH magazine online at http://www.earthmagazine.org/. Published by the American Geosciences Institute, EARTH is your source for the science behind the headlines.
The American Geosciences Institute is a nonprofit federation of geoscientific and professional associations that represents more than 250,000 geologists, geophysicists and other earth scientists. Founded in 1948, AGI provides information services to geoscientists, serves as a voice of shared interests in the profession, plays a major role in strengthening geoscience education, and strives to increase public awareness of the vital role the geosciences play in society's use of resources, resiliency to natural hazards, and interaction with the environment.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
A shock collars for barking dogs can frequently be a highly effective and essential resource in coping with nuisance barking. On this page, I am going to reply 3 with the most frequent concerns I am questioned when consumers are thinking about the purchase of a pet barking collar.
Are bark collars humane?
Here is the number one particular question I am asked. The solution can be a resounding indeed!
There are many various varieties of collars (Aboistop/Spray Collars, Ultrasonic Collars and Shock Punition Collars). For the applications of this guide, I?ll concentrate on Shock Collars given that the vast majority of concern about safety and humaneness seems to heart on this type of collar.
Shock Collars operate by delivering a static shock punition to the canine when he/she barks. The bark is detected with the collar by your dog?s vibrating vocal chords, a microphone that detects the sound of your respective dog?s bark, or possibly a blend of equally.
The static shock acquired is comparable towards the shock you expertise when you scuff your socks on the carpeted flooring and contact a metallic item (or at times a person!), or if you?ve got ever trapped your tongue over a nine volt battery, you get the theory. Startling? Indeed. Distressing? No.
Used appropriately and with regular instruction, shock collars may be a powerful, humane method to curb abnormal or nuisance barking.
What sort of collar is very best?
This issue is actually a really individual one particular and genuinely relies upon on your pet. Substantial strides are produced within the improvement of puppy instruction collars, and you can find lots of collars to decide on from according to your personal conditions.
Some things to take into account when acquiring a bark collar:
Your dog?s age: Your canine must be at the very least 6 months aged when considering any type of training collar or remote education product. Your dog?s measurement & weight: When looking at bark collars, always take into consideration your dog?s weight and neck size. A bark collar designed for small to medium canines will not be as efficient for a large or stubborn breed. An easy approach to measure your dog?s neck measurement is to take a piece of twine or string, and wrap it around your dog?s neck, the way a collar would fit. Then, measure the length with the string. Of course, you can also measure your dog?s current collar to get an accurate measurement. Your dog?s temperament: Consider carefully your dog?s temperament. Is he/she typically easy to train? Or, is he a little more on the stubborn side? A really timid dog may respond better to a Spray Bark Collar or Ultrasonic System. Likewise, a stubborn pet will in all likelihood respond better to a shock collar specifically designed for big puppies. Do bark collars perform for all dogs?
While the success rate with bark collars is really high, unfortunately, they won?t perform for every pet. The key to success is consistent instruction. By choosing the bark collar most appropriate for your dog?s age and temperament, and applying regular instruction, your chances of eliminating extreme or nuisance barking increase greatly.
Eric Rosengren, the head of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, is issuing an unusual public plea to his colleagues in Washington, urging the nation's central bankers to ignore election-year pressures and do more to jump-start the muddling economy.
Less than a week after Federal Reserve policy makers elected not to take new steps to stimulate the economy, Rosengren in an interview added his voice to a handful of dissenters, saying the central bank has to act at its next meeting in September to revitalize the economy. The Fed should not worry, he said, if the move is seen as influencing the presidential election.
The most important things that are to be considered when changing the interior of a room are its windows and doors. Here, we are going to talk in detail about the latter.
A room?s entrance has a great impact on the person who enters it, and makes a sense in their mind about the room before they go into it. Whenever someone attempts to change the interior of his or her house, he or she should start with the changing of the entrances of each room.
Steps
Following is a series of steps that might be helpful in choosing the right door for a room:
One can choose between sliding or traditional entrances that swing on pivots. The latter doors are a bit complicated to be constructed and require more space whereas the former ones are easier to set up and simple to use.
Also, sliding ones have restricted styles whereas swinging entrances come in a huge variety of styles.
The next important factor is the material that is used. This selection depends on the room for which the door is being constructed. For example, a front entrance of the house would require a more durable material whereas a room?s door could be more stylish than resistant to harsh weather.
Also, one can go for a material that can block sound transmission both ways - to and from the room.
Moreover, the material and color of the doors should match or be in accordance with the bed if it is for a bedroom, and if it is for a dining room then it should be in accordance with the dining table.
Furthermore, kid?s room?s entrances should not be made of any material that is less durable or something that is more prone to damage for example glass, which may easily be damaged or break if not taken care of.
Conclusion
All in all, while designing or constructing a door for a room, the interior of the room must be considered and it should be in accordance with the entrance. If the interior is made with wood then it is more appropriate if the entrance is also wooden. If someone wishes to use sliding doors, then they must know that they look better for bigger entrances rather than for smaller ones. For example, sliding ones would look more attractive for drawing rooms and entrances of big lounges. However, rooms should mostly have swinging or pivoted doors.
On the whole, the door is an important part of a room?s interior and must be paid utmost attention.
Social irrational fear tends to set in motion in premature stages or puberty. This premature start of the disorder can indication to vital violations in psychological advance. There are two the majority broadly famous reasons of shared irrational fear according to psychologist?s statements.
TUNCELI, Turkey (Reuters) - Six Turkish soldiers, two state militiamen and 11 Kurdish militants were killed when the rebels attacked military outposts in southeast Turkey, security sources said on Sunday.
Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan accused unnamed foreign countries of backing the fighters who attacked at least three military bases.
The sources said 16 other soldiers and six civilians were wounded in the overnight attacks on the bases near the town of Cukurca in Hakkari province, which borders Iraq.
Erdogan called the attack "dastardly".
"Turkey has the strength to put enemy nations and circles who hold the strings of the terrorist organization in their place," Erdogan said in statement, without naming any countries.
Clashes between the army and the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) have intensified in recent weeks in a conflict that has lasted 28 years and killed 40,000 people, mainly Kurds.
In a separate operation, air bombardments of PKK positions in the nearby Semdinli region over the last two weeks has forced some villagers from their home, witnesses said.
Some analysts in Turkey warn of a widening conflict after Kurds in northern Syria, some of whom are aligned with the PKK, assert themselves amid a power vacuum as President Bashar al-Assad's troops seek to suppress a rebellion. Erdogan has been one of Assad's most outspoken critics.
Millions of ethnic Kurds live in mostly adjoining areas in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.
A senior member of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) said the PKK was acting "in parallel" with Assad's forces.
"The preparations and multi-pronged attack by the PKK in Hakkari exceeds the PKK's capabilities," said Omer Celik, AKP's deputy chairman, according to the Star newspaper's website.
"The PKK, in carrying out the attacks in Semdinli and Hakkari, acted in parallel with the massacres carried out by Assad's forces in Aleppo," Celik was quoted as saying.
HEAVY WEAPONS
In the latest attack in Turkey, a large group of PKK fighters armed with guns and rocket launchers crossed over from northern Iraq, where the organization's leaders are based, to strike the outposts, the security officials said.
All of the soldiers and militia members, so-called village guards, were killed at the Gecimli base, they said. A female PKK suicide bomber blew herself up in the door of another outpost.
The military has sent reinforcements and at least four attack helicopters to the area to fight the PKK and operations were continuing, they said.
In Semdinli, a 200 km (125 mile) drive from Cukurca, Turkish forces have been battling 200 PKK fighters for about two weeks, and at least two soldiers have been killed. Security sources say 50 rebels have also been killed there. Journalists and other non-residents have been barred entry to the Semdinli area.
The PKK has fought for autonomy in Turkey's mainly Kurdish southeast since 1984. Turkey, the United States and the European Union list the PKK as a terrorist organization.
Murat Karayilan, the acting PKK leader, last week said the group was changing tactics with its fight in Semdinli, according to Firat News, a website close to the militants.
Instead of its traditional hit-and-run ambushes on Turkish security forces, PKK fighters would remain positioned in Semdinli in an attempt to form a stronghold there, he said.
(Writing by Ayla Jean Yackley; Editing by Stephen Powell)
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On the grounds that unsecured debt is these a prolific obstacle in America, there are loads of organizations who have consolidation financial loans, and other debts administration providers.There are loads of non-profit? ?
Here is the original post: Financial debt Consolidation for Householders: Protecting Grace for ?
Psychology program in college will bring good prospect for your future career as every company needs some psychologist to work there. Human Resources Department of reputable companies usually consists of psychologists that will handle employee?s recruitment there. Besides working in the established company, you also can start your own office as the psychologist for your patients who want consult their problem. Those are the reasons why psychology field of study will bring you a brighter future.
However, to be a successful psychologist you need more than just psychology courses in the college. Those courses should be completed with your excellent skill. You must hold more than just diploma to apply for psychologist position. It is important to learn a lot of things in psychology so choosing the right school to study is a must. For psychology study, you must attend class at Nipissing University where this place offers excellent facilities to make you a successful psychologist in the future.
Great facilities like class with complete academic facilities are what you will meet in this university. The lecturers here are the credible one that you can discuss with outside class. For information of how you can apply for psychology program in this university and other things needed, you may check on the website Nipissingu.ca.
The actual Cybook Opus is basically any no-nonsense ebook reader which gives what is in fact intended for. This specific brand-new gadget weighs miniscule A few.Three or more oz of, defining it as your least heavy ebook reader on the market. Yet don't fooled while using compact outside of this gadget the way it is made up of 32MB connected with Cram along with 1GB connected with safe-keeping which could retailer as much as 1000 e-books. What's more is that it carries with it an a expanable recollection up to 16MB with a micro-SD minute card position, for lots more studying enjoyment.
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The actual Cybook Opus as well indicates any g-sensor which could quickly alter your screen to help panorama or maybe picture inclination merely by your stinking the location of the visitor. All of the possibilities any discriminating visitor might want coming from the e-book reader is absolute to be present in Cybook Opus.
This specific ebook reader device is very a trendy gadget for the reason that them contains a elegant and sleek search you can do throughout several desirable colors to pick from. Each and every Cybook Opus as well comes along with its appropriate slipcover for a added bonus.
The extender includes a rechargeable along with exchangeable inner LI-Polymer battery (1000mAh), which will do well for approximately 8000 web pages or maybe 14 days strong studying most people think.
The extender works Linux system 2.Some becasue it is Operating-system along with sustains as well as a file/folder program that individuals uncover simple but powerful. Additionally, it sustains most in-demand document models which includes Adobe?? ePUB/PDF Target audience along with Code, FB2, TXT, JPG, GIF along with PNG. It can possibly be the USB travel as soon as linked to your personal machine.
The actual Cybook Opus coming from Bookeen is the foremost zero hassle e-reader that gives it has the managers worth for their capital and just real studying enjoyment.
Many Twihards may not want to hear it, especially when Robert Pattinson is rumored to be hitting the bottle extra hard these days, but Kristen Stewart is in rough shape.
Multiple sources confirm the actress is torn apart by her affair, the pain from which was evident in her initial public apology.
But while most Robsten supporters likely believe Kristen deserves everything she's feeling and experiencing, at least one friend remains in her corner.
Actress Scout Taylor Compton, with whom Stewart has been close for years, Tweeted the following messages this week:
please understand i support, care, and love my friends like you all do with yours, but also understand privacy should always be respected... wish i could take people's pain away. THAT would be my superpower... its a pain and hurt that will never be erased.
Do you care, Twilight Saga fans? Do you feel any pity at all for Stewart and the mistakes she has made? Or do you feel as if no punishment could be harsh enough for the woman who drove Robert Pattinson to despair?
Are you lucrative with your Internet business? Even better, do you think you are successful with your online business? When several online entrepreneurs are asked with these questions, they usually shake it off. This is because most of them, who haven?t yet carry out the correct way to achieve in Internet Marketing, continually believe that the simple fact that they own a website is already enough to make money on the Internet.
Having a website is not a guarantee that your online business will succeed. How will you succeed if people will not acknowledge that your business even exists online? The key to Internet marketing is to get your business known.
A productive way to achieve this is to build an opt-in list. In fact, most of the people who are already experts in Internet marketing will explain to you that building a highly targeted opt in list is the best effective and important tool in Internet marketing.
Primarily, an opt in list is a collection of email addresses of people who have complied to get any kind of information from online businesses like you. The word ?opt in? means that you have their consent to give to them whatever newsletters, brochures, or promotions that you have in your online business.
It is greatly crucial that you have their approval initialy before you send them information because unsolicited emails will be seen as spam, and spamming is an illegal activity in the Net. By building an opt in list, you will be able to manage solid touch with your earlier buyers and at the same time advance your sales on account of the fact that you have a true target market always ready to buy items from you.
So, for those who are not yet enlightened of the significance of maintaining a quite targeted opt in list and would like to know how to build them, here are some tips:
1. Choose on your niche market or your target market.
It is largely important to understand your target market to be able to concentrate on something. It would be truly confusing and time costing if you will create an opt in list with no distinct market in mind.
2. Be sure that your selected target market is obtainable in the Internet.
The mere acquisition of a niche market is not neccessarily a guarantee that you can yet start constructing your opt in list. Considering, the concept of opt in list is particularly generated to aid in the growth of the Internet market of a particular entrepreneur, it is critical to have a niche market that is attainable through the Internet.
3. Confirm if your selected target market is income-generating market.
Building a highly targeted opt in list will just go to waste if your niche market is not bringing any income at all. Endeavor to authenticate their income-generating potential through the search engines, wherein you will find several paid ads connected to the keywords you have searched. This would only mean that if a person is willing to pay to advertise consentrating on the same target market that you have in mind, more often than not, you will be able to obtain positive results on your target market.
As they say, money is in the list that is why many businesses consider opt in list as valuable as gold.
ScienceDaily (Aug. 3, 2012) ? In the cognitive sciences, the capacity to interpret the intentions of others is called "Theory of Mind" (ToM). This faculty is involved in the understanding of language, in particular by bridging the gap between the meaning of the words that make up a statement and the meaning of the statement as a whole.
In recent years, researchers have identified the neural network dedicated to ToM, but no one had yet demonstrated that this set of neurons is specifically activated by the process of understanding of an utterance. This has now been accomplished: a team from L2C2 (Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition, Laboratory on Language, the Brain and Cognition, CNRS / Universit? Claude Bernard-Lyon 1) has shown that the activation of the ToM neural network increases when an individual is reacting to ironic statements.
Published in Neuroimage, these findings represent an important breakthrough in the study of Theory of Mind and linguistics, shedding light on the mechanisms involved in interpersonal communication.
In our communications with others, we are constantly thinking beyond the basic meaning of words. For example, if asked, "Do you have the time?" one would not simply reply, "Yes." The gap between what is said and what it means is the focus of a branch of linguistics called pragmatics. In this science, "Theory of Mind" (ToM) gives listeners the capacity to fill this gap. In order to decipher the meaning and intentions hidden behind what is said, even in the most casual conversation, ToM relies on a variety of verbal and non-verbal elements: the words used, their context, intonation, "body language," etc.
Within the past 10 years, researchers in cognitive neuroscience have identified a neural network dedicated to ToM that includes specific areas of the brain: the right and left temporal parietal junctions, the medial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus. To identify this network, the researchers relied primarily on non-verbal tasks based on the observation of others' behavior[1]. Today, researchers at L2C2 (Laboratoire sur le Langage, le Cerveau et la Cognition, Laboratory on Language, the Brain and Cognition, CNRS / Universit? Claude Bernard-Lyon 1) have established, for the first time, the link between this neural network and the processing of implicit meanings.
To identify this link, the team focused their attention on irony. An ironic statement usually means the opposite of what is said. In order to detect irony in a statement, the mechanisms of ToM must be brought into play. In their experiment, the researchers prepared 20 short narratives in two versions, one literal and one ironic. Each story contained a key sentence that, depending on the version, yielded an ironic or literal meaning. For example, in one of the stories an opera singer exclaims after a premiere, "Tonight we gave a superb performance." Depending on whether the performance was in fact very bad or very good, the statement is or is not ironic.
The team then carried out functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses on 20 participants who were asked to read 18 of the stories, chosen at random, in either their ironic or literal version. The participants were not aware that the test concerned the perception of irony. The researchers had predicted that the participants' ToM neural networks would show increased activity in reaction to the ironic sentences, and that was precisely what they observed: as each key sentence was read, the network activity was greater when the statement was ironic. This shows that this network is directly involved in the processes of understanding irony, and, more generally, in the comprehension of language.
Next, the L2C2 researchers hope to expand their research on the ToM network in order to determine, for example, whether test participants would be able to perceive irony if this network were artificially inactivated.
Note:
[1] For example, Gr?zes, Frith & Passingham (J. Neuroscience, 2004) showed a series of short (3.5 second) films in which actors came into a room and lifted boxes. Some of the actors were instructed to act as though the boxes were heavier (or lighter) than they actually were. Having thus set up deceptive situations, the experimenters asked the participants to determine if they had or had not been deceived by the actors in the films. The films containing feigned actions elicited increased activity in the rTPJ (right temporal parietal junction) compared with those containing unfeigned actions.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by CNRS (D?l?gation Paris Michel-Ange), via AlphaGalileo.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
Nicola Spotorno, Eric Koun, J?r?me Prado, Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst, Ira A. Noveck. Neural evidence that utterance-processing entails mentalizing: The case of irony. NeuroImage, 2012; 63 (1): 25 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.046
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Traders and floor officials gather at a post on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange shortly after the beginning of trading, Wednesday, Aug. 1, 2012. The market wavered between gains and losses for much of Wednesday, yanked around by technical problems, an ambiguous statement from the Federal Reserve, and mixed reports on U.S. companies that made it difficult to decipher just where the economy is headed. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)
Traders and floor officials gather at a post on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange shortly after the beginning of trading, Wednesday, Aug. 1, 2012. The market wavered between gains and losses for much of Wednesday, yanked around by technical problems, an ambiguous statement from the Federal Reserve, and mixed reports on U.S. companies that made it difficult to decipher just where the economy is headed. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)
NEW YORK (AP) ? The European Central Bank on Thursday laid some of its game plan for tackling the continent's debt crisis, but markets wanted much more.
Stock indexes sank across the U.S. and Europe, the euro fell against the dollar and investors dumped bonds issued by the governments of Spain and Italy. Hopes had been high that the ECB would announce more immediate steps, considering the ECB president's pledge last week to do "whatever it takes" to keep the euro intact.
It was the second day in a row markets were disappointed by a lack of decisive action from a major central bank. On Wednesday, indexes closed lower after the Federal Reserve made only vague promises about its plans for reviving the U.S. economy.
"It's more jawboning, it's more copy and paste from last week," Kenny Polcari, managing director of the brokerage ICAP, said. "There was no definitive plan, and so all the hype and energy (Draghi) created last week is going to go down in flames today."
The Dow Jones industrial average was down 156 points to 12,815 as of 12:45 p.m. The Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 17 to 1,358. The Nasdaq composite index lost 23 points to 2,898. It was the fourth day in a row of losses; U.S. stocks haven't risen since the promise by ECB President Mario Draghi last week.
Draghi did commit his central bank to more action Thursday, saying it would make a new effort to buy government bonds to drive down borrowing costs for countries like Spain and Italy.
Investors thought the plan was short on detail. Draghi said that policymakers would work out more specifics in the coming weeks. Even with the lack of details, the ECB's willingness to buy more bonds sends a clear message: Europe's financial crisis is getting worse.
The yield, or interest rate, on Spain's benchmark 10-year bond jumped to 7.06 percent from 6.68 percent late Wednesday. The yield on Italy's 10-year bond rose to 6.29 percent from 5.85 percent. The 7 percent rate is a crucial flash point, because that's the rate at which other countries have found themselves unable to pay their bills.
To be fair, the ECB faces a Herculean task with no easy solutions. Whatever it does is sure to offend someone, and skeptics doubt that it has any weapons left in its arsenal that could make a big difference. Some of the weaker countries in Europe, like Greece, have been resistant to the spending cuts the ECB has tried to impose as part of a solution.
In the U.S., General Motors and Kellogg reported lower quarterly profits, which they attributed partly to Europe.
In other trading:
?Knight Capital Group, the trading firm that took the blame for a technical glitch that sent trading of dozens of stocks into chaos early Wednesday, lost more than half its market value. Knight's stock plunged $3.82 to $3.11. Knight said it would suffer a $440 million loss because of the trading problems.
?Abercrombie & Fitch dropped 15 percent and Aeropostale dropped 32 percent after both companies pre-announcing weak second-quarter sales. Abercrombie lost $5.29 to $28.75. Aeropostale lost $6.19 to $13.26.
?Bristol-Myers Squibb, the drug company, fell 7 percent after suspending a study of a potential hepatitis C treatment, citing patient safety issues. The stock lost $2.53 to $33.07.
?There were some positive signs about the economy but they got lost in the stronger maelstrom. Retailers including Target, Limited Brands and Gap announced that July sales had beat expectations. Shares of all three companies were up in early trading. Gap rose the most, climbing 9 percent, or $2.60, to $32.02.
New study: Running mechanics, not metabolism, are the key to performance for elite sprintersPublic release date: 1-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Margaret Allen mallen@smu.edu 214-768-7664 Southern Methodist University
Sprinting performance isn't a factor of conserving energy; Rather, forces applied by the foot hitting the ground maximize all-out bursts of sprinting
Sprinters competing in the 2012 Olympics might assume their championship performance is the result of their fuel-efficient physiology.
But a new study disproves the classic scientific view that conserving energy maximizes performance in a sprinting event.
The study by biomechanics researchers Matthew W. Bundle at the University of Montana and Peter G. Weyand at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, demonstrates that metabolic economy is not an important factor for performance in events lasting 60 seconds or less.
In fact, just the opposite is true.
"That prevailing view is no longer viable," said Weyand. "Sprinters, if anything, are wasteful of energy. This is due to the biological trade-offs between faster muscle fibers that provide the large and rapid forces needed for sprinting, and slower muscle fibers that maximize metabolic economy."
Instead, the key to top-flight sprinting is to maximize how hard each foot hits the ground, which allows sprinters to translate musculoskeletal and ground reaction forces into swift motion, said Bundle.
"Saving energy is critically important for endurance, but not for sprinting, which our findings indicate is not energy-limited," Bundle said.
Metabolic energy available from sustainable, aerobic sources predominantly determines performance during endurance events by setting the intensity of the musculoskeletal performance that can be sustained throughout the effort, the study found.
For sprinters, Bundle and Weyand conclude the opposite is true.
"The intensity of the mechanical activity that the musculoskeletal system can (for a very short time) achieve determines the quantities of metabolic energy released and the level of performance attained," according to the study.
The authors reported their findings in "Sprint Exercise Performance: Does Metabolic Power Matter?" in the July issue of Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, http://bit.ly/ODvCrk.
Sprint performance variations are a function of external forces
The authors write in their study that athletic performance can be analyzed considering either the input to, or the output from, the skeletal muscles that serve as biological engines. Input is the chemical energy that fuels muscular contraction. Output is the force or mechanical power the contractions produce.
To analyze the mechanics of burst-type sprint activities, the authors said they drew on all-out running speeds and cycling power outputs of humans because of the abundance and quality of the data available and because the mechanical and metabolic contrasts between the two provide informative insights. The authors focused on durations of up to five minutes, particularly on efforts of less than a minute.
For both exercises, differences in sprinting performance were predominantly a function of the magnitude of the external forces applied because running contact lengths and cycling down-stroke lengths, as well as stride and pedal frequency, exhibited limited variations. Additionally, for both cycling and running, external forces applied during sprinting are believed to be consistently related to the corresponding muscle forces, regardless of the intensity or duration of the effort.
So what determines the maximum external forces the musculoskeletal system can apply during a brief, all-out sprint? And why do those forces decrease over the duration of the sprint?
The researchers assessed neuromuscular activation using a diagnostic procedure called surface electromyography to measure electrical activity in the activated muscle fibers. That assessment showed that neuromuscular activation increases continuously during all-out sprint cycling and running trials. More rapid increases were typical for the briefest trials that required the greatest forces. That indicates that all-out sprinting performances are highly dependent on duration because of the speed of musculoskeletal fatigue during dynamic exercise requiring large force outputs, the authors reported.
Sprint performance linked to mechanics of applying external force
Bundle and Weyand altered three independent variables to maximize the variation observed in sprint performance: Subjects were individuals with large differences in their sprint performance capabilities; all-out sprint trials spanned a broad range of durations from 2 to 300 seconds; and performance was compared across different modes of sprinting, namely cycling and running.
"The predictive success of our force application model, both within and across modes of sprint exercise, indicates that as efforts extend from a few seconds to a few minutes, the fractional reliance on anaerobic metabolism progressively impairs whole-body musculoskeletal performance, and does so with a rapid and remarkably consistent time course," the authors wrote. "In this respect, the sprint portion of the performance-duration curve predominantly represents, not a limit on the rates of energy re-supply, but the progressive impairment of skeletal muscle force production that results from a reliance on anaerobic metabolism to fuel intense, sequential contractions."
Conclusion of study departs from prevailing physiological paradigm
Since the muscular engines of humans and other animals are similar in terms of their metabolic and mechanical function, the findings likely apply to the burst performance capabilities of vertebrate animals in general, say the researchers.
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Bundle is an assistant professor of biomechanics at the University of Montana. Weyand (http://bit.ly/M1jFLa) is an associate professor of applied physiology and biomechanics at SMU in Dallas.
Funding for the study came from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center.
SMU is a nationally ranked private university in Dallas founded 100 years ago. Today, SMU enrolls nearly 11,000 students who benefit from the academic opportunities and international reach of seven degree-granting schools. For more information see www.smuresearch.edu.
SMU has an uplink facility located on campus for live TV, radio, or online interviews. To speak with an SMU expert or book an SMU guest in the studio, call SMU News & Communications at 214-768-7650.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
New study: Running mechanics, not metabolism, are the key to performance for elite sprintersPublic release date: 1-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Margaret Allen mallen@smu.edu 214-768-7664 Southern Methodist University
Sprinting performance isn't a factor of conserving energy; Rather, forces applied by the foot hitting the ground maximize all-out bursts of sprinting
Sprinters competing in the 2012 Olympics might assume their championship performance is the result of their fuel-efficient physiology.
But a new study disproves the classic scientific view that conserving energy maximizes performance in a sprinting event.
The study by biomechanics researchers Matthew W. Bundle at the University of Montana and Peter G. Weyand at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, demonstrates that metabolic economy is not an important factor for performance in events lasting 60 seconds or less.
In fact, just the opposite is true.
"That prevailing view is no longer viable," said Weyand. "Sprinters, if anything, are wasteful of energy. This is due to the biological trade-offs between faster muscle fibers that provide the large and rapid forces needed for sprinting, and slower muscle fibers that maximize metabolic economy."
Instead, the key to top-flight sprinting is to maximize how hard each foot hits the ground, which allows sprinters to translate musculoskeletal and ground reaction forces into swift motion, said Bundle.
"Saving energy is critically important for endurance, but not for sprinting, which our findings indicate is not energy-limited," Bundle said.
Metabolic energy available from sustainable, aerobic sources predominantly determines performance during endurance events by setting the intensity of the musculoskeletal performance that can be sustained throughout the effort, the study found.
For sprinters, Bundle and Weyand conclude the opposite is true.
"The intensity of the mechanical activity that the musculoskeletal system can (for a very short time) achieve determines the quantities of metabolic energy released and the level of performance attained," according to the study.
The authors reported their findings in "Sprint Exercise Performance: Does Metabolic Power Matter?" in the July issue of Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, http://bit.ly/ODvCrk.
Sprint performance variations are a function of external forces
The authors write in their study that athletic performance can be analyzed considering either the input to, or the output from, the skeletal muscles that serve as biological engines. Input is the chemical energy that fuels muscular contraction. Output is the force or mechanical power the contractions produce.
To analyze the mechanics of burst-type sprint activities, the authors said they drew on all-out running speeds and cycling power outputs of humans because of the abundance and quality of the data available and because the mechanical and metabolic contrasts between the two provide informative insights. The authors focused on durations of up to five minutes, particularly on efforts of less than a minute.
For both exercises, differences in sprinting performance were predominantly a function of the magnitude of the external forces applied because running contact lengths and cycling down-stroke lengths, as well as stride and pedal frequency, exhibited limited variations. Additionally, for both cycling and running, external forces applied during sprinting are believed to be consistently related to the corresponding muscle forces, regardless of the intensity or duration of the effort.
So what determines the maximum external forces the musculoskeletal system can apply during a brief, all-out sprint? And why do those forces decrease over the duration of the sprint?
The researchers assessed neuromuscular activation using a diagnostic procedure called surface electromyography to measure electrical activity in the activated muscle fibers. That assessment showed that neuromuscular activation increases continuously during all-out sprint cycling and running trials. More rapid increases were typical for the briefest trials that required the greatest forces. That indicates that all-out sprinting performances are highly dependent on duration because of the speed of musculoskeletal fatigue during dynamic exercise requiring large force outputs, the authors reported.
Sprint performance linked to mechanics of applying external force
Bundle and Weyand altered three independent variables to maximize the variation observed in sprint performance: Subjects were individuals with large differences in their sprint performance capabilities; all-out sprint trials spanned a broad range of durations from 2 to 300 seconds; and performance was compared across different modes of sprinting, namely cycling and running.
"The predictive success of our force application model, both within and across modes of sprint exercise, indicates that as efforts extend from a few seconds to a few minutes, the fractional reliance on anaerobic metabolism progressively impairs whole-body musculoskeletal performance, and does so with a rapid and remarkably consistent time course," the authors wrote. "In this respect, the sprint portion of the performance-duration curve predominantly represents, not a limit on the rates of energy re-supply, but the progressive impairment of skeletal muscle force production that results from a reliance on anaerobic metabolism to fuel intense, sequential contractions."
Conclusion of study departs from prevailing physiological paradigm
Since the muscular engines of humans and other animals are similar in terms of their metabolic and mechanical function, the findings likely apply to the burst performance capabilities of vertebrate animals in general, say the researchers.
###
Bundle is an assistant professor of biomechanics at the University of Montana. Weyand (http://bit.ly/M1jFLa) is an associate professor of applied physiology and biomechanics at SMU in Dallas.
Funding for the study came from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center.
SMU is a nationally ranked private university in Dallas founded 100 years ago. Today, SMU enrolls nearly 11,000 students who benefit from the academic opportunities and international reach of seven degree-granting schools. For more information see www.smuresearch.edu.
SMU has an uplink facility located on campus for live TV, radio, or online interviews. To speak with an SMU expert or book an SMU guest in the studio, call SMU News & Communications at 214-768-7650.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Last week, I picked apart a spammy ?SEO service? email and discussed why it was actually effective.
See, the tricky thing about spam is that it works. Sure, maybe not on a more educated buyer?but not all buyers are that educated. Instead, they?re going on pure emotion ? and it?s that emotion that gets them to respond.
And that?s exactly what these companies want.
See, good spam emails get results because they follow the copywriting basics to the letter. The email is written with a certain customer persona in mind (in this case, a site owner/manager who isn?t very SEO savvy.) It includes copywriting power words like ?no obligation.? It outlines typical pain points ? and expertly shows how the company has the perfect solution.
Again, we may not like spam ? but we know people who fall for it all the time. Here?s a couple more specific takeaways from last week?s email example?and what we can learn from them
?Requesting this report does not obligate you to buy SEO services.?
Why this works:
The sentence overcomes objections?
?A valuable service is offered ?for no charge.
Ever hear something that sounds fantastic?and then your first thought is, ?How much is this going to cost me.?
Yeah. me too.
The person who penned this email know that, too. That?s why the writer made it clear that the report is ?no obligation? (otherwise known as ?free.?) ?The spammy SEO company is counting on the prospect to say, ?Well, it couldn?t hurt to contact them and get the report. I may learn something. Besides, I don?t have to buy anything that I don?t want to.?
See how easily the ?no obligation? blurb overcomes the objection and makes it easy for the prospect to say yes? If you don?t overcome objections in your copy, your prospects may still have that niggling bit of doubt ? and that small amount of doubt could cause them to say no. The goal of your copy is to make it easy for your prospects to always say, ?yes? ? and take the action that you want them to take.
(As a side note?the phrase ?no obligation? is used because the word ?free? would have tripped spam filters. However, if you?re writing a sales page, know that ?free? is a very powerful word.)
?We guarantee that from the first month of our work you will see an improvement in ranking, link popularity and traffic, which would result in higher Organic rankings, more Leads and Orders for better ROI (Return on Investment).?
Why this works:
A guarantee is offered, which helps remove any perceived risk.
The writer uses benefit statements that are important to the target audience.
The benefits are time-specific.
Do you offer a guarantee on your products or services? If not, you may want to reconsider. The word ?guarantee? is a a very powerful word in copywriting. When there?s a guarantee, the transaction seems risk-free. The next step seems easy. And it helps the prospect keep saying, ?yes? to your offer.
If the copywriter wanted to really add some marketing punch to the note, the phrase ?money-back guarantee? ?is even better. That signals the prospect that there is no risk ?- and they have nothing to lose.
Listing the benefits help to reinforce this ?no risk? scenario. With this line, you can almost see the?prospect?s mind starts churning with the thought, ?Wow, I?d love better search positions and more sales. Maybe these guys can actually help me.??After all, what marketer wouldn?t want more leads and higher positions? ?:) ?When you?re writing your copy, remember that it?s benefits ? not features ? that close the deal. People need to immediately know what?s in it for them ? or they aren?t interested.
A better way that they could have approached this? They could have included third-party success story testimonials. It?s one thing to ?read that you?ll see an ?increase in ROI.? It?s another when you read how a companies service has helped drive over $10,000 of sales in the first month.
Finally, always remember that time-specific results a great selling tool. If you can (ethically) tell the prospect what they can expect ? and when to expect it ? you?ve calmed their fears and overcome their objections.
Yes, spam may drive us nuts ? especially SEO company spam. But rather than instantly deleting it, take the time to read it over.
It's time to go inside the venue. ?Anthony, Sambo Steve and Tyga head to a hallway upstairs that will serve as the locker room for them and half the fighters on the card (the locker room for the other half is a hallway downstairs).? I shake Anthony's hand and wish him luck.? As I leave to go to my spot at cageside, his coaches are taking turns reminding him he's ready.
Since Anthony's opponent has sold a fair number of tickets, their bout is moved to later in the card.? In the meantime, other fighters do their thing.? A heavyweight smothers another on the ground and earns a decision.? A wiry submission wizard ties his foe in knots.? A fighter lands a crushing left that earns him a TKO victory.? A woman with purple hair gets out-boxed and loses a decision.? A bantamweight named Julio Arce, a precision instrument honed to a keen edge and sporting an 11-0 amateur record, has his first pro bout, and he's almost surgical in the way he scores a knockout in just under two minutes.? Anthony's got a ways to go before he reaches that level of experience, but when he enters the cage to take on Michael, he's moving one step closer.
Michael and Anthony are now standing across from each other, the classic stand-off, minus the sixguns but complete with cold stares and bad intentions.? Michael is taller with a build like an action figure, and upon his face is a look determination that threatens to wilt those not prepared for it.? With a gesture and a shout, the referee signals for them to begin.
From the outset it's clear Michael's got the edge in striking ? his reach enables him to tag Anthony from a distance, his footwork enables him to maintain range, and his confidence has him firing off salvos at will, forcing Anthony to cover himself with his forearms and absorb the barrage.? What Anthony does have, though, is tenacity, and it comes out in his dogged takedown attempts.? The first few yield no fruit, Michael is able to protect his hips and sprawl out of trouble.? But eventually the New Yorker is successful in putting his opponent on his butt, and in the waning seconds of the first round, Anthony gets Michael down against the cage, rises up and knees him in the chest (think: Anderson Silva vs. Chael Sonnen at UFC 148).? Though the?crowd is certainly partisan and cheering loudly for Michael, it's hard to say who the judges will favor for Round 1; Anthony makes it a little easier for them all in the next frame.?
There's more wrestling, and at one point Michael lowers his hands in anticipation of another takedown attempt and gets cracked in the jaw.? Anthony can't seem to keep Michael down when he puts him there, but by virtue of his success in getting the fight horizontal ? and the number of Matt Hughes-style slams he executes ? he's scoring points.
By the third round, Michael has things figured out, and he's able to avoid Anthony's grasping arms and stay on top.? Anthony's stuck underneath for the duration.? From cageside, Sambo Steve and Tyga shout frantically for their ward to get up, but he's spent, and when the clock runs out it's clear that block of time belonged to Michael.
(In an unexpected funny moment, when Anthony is struggling to get up from below Michael, he blindly swings his arms back and accidently punches the referee in the face.? The ref, Gasper Oliver, laughs about it afterwards.)
The time after the bout ends and before the judges' scorecards are read is always one of activity and emotion.? While doctors rush the cage and examine the combatants, searching for outward signs of trauma and concussion, the coaches are again by their respective warrior's side, alternating between congratulating and managing expectations.? And unless what transpired was anything but a brutal beatdown, there's always questions running through everyone's heads.? Who did enough to win?? Who took which rounds?? It's an impromptu math that overtakes those standing in the cage, and it even draws in those on the other side of the fence.?
At the signal, Oliver grabs the wrists of the two fighters and pulls them to the center.? The announcer, an older gentleman with the kind of big white hair that would paint him as a stock villain in any number of Harry Potter flicks, reads the official scores, his voice going into the microphone in his hand and echoing throughout the union hall.? It's a split decision.? Anthony has won.
The rest of the card breezes by.? Anthony, Sambo Steve and Tyga join me at cageside for the bouts ? their jobs are done, so it's time to relax and take in the sights.??A female Strikeforce veteran in the co-main event?goes down in the second round, the victim of a knockout cross.? A Bellator veteran in the main event gets the job done via relentless jiu-jitsu, but he has to work for it, his opponent fighting him hard every inch of the way.?
And then this installment of Matrix Fights is over, and all that's left is to collect the gear and go home.? Upstairs, the losing half of the main event is emotional over his defeat, and the female Strikeforce vet is shedding tears, too.? But Anthony is happy.? We make our way to the parking lot and join in the exodus.
Outside of Philly we stop at a Wawa for some post-fight grub, scarfing down sandwiches and gulping down drinks.? Anthony gobbles up a quesadilla and an apple turnover ? his victory meal ? and on the ride home we trade stories, the talk trailing off us exhaustion overtakes those of us who didn't fight.? It's past midnight when we get back to New York City, and one by one, Anthony drops us off.? Soon it's just?me and him in the car.
Still buzzing from having fought and won, Anthony shows no signs of being tired, and talks of his family, of food, of the buttermilk pie he makes and its superiority to the one his wife makes.? We pass by a billiards hall.? A?fistfight has spilled out into the street, two shirtless men swinging their arms wildly as a dozen or so others hoot and holler around them.? Anthony drives slowly through the melee, stops the car a half a block up the road, leans out his window, and watches.?
I'm incredulous that he'd have any interest.? After all, only a few hours before he'd fought in a cage, then watched some high-level MMA from cageside.? How could he want more fighting?? But maybe that's the point.? It was a long day's journey just so he could have his second venture into the realm of sanctioned combat, and for Anthony ? just like for any fighter ? it's a constant trek.? He'll have other bouts, other trips to Upstate New York and maybe Pennsylvania again and probably even New Jersey.? Like all who train and slip on the gloves and step into the cage, it's up to him to decide when it truly ends.
He drops me off a few minutes later, and after I congratulate him on his win once more, Anthony continues on.? His journey isn't quite over.
Jim Genia?goes to fights?in person so you don't have to.? Follow him here.
NEW YORK (AP) ? In the first move of its kind, the Federal Communications Commission on Tuesday said it's accepting a $1.25 million settlement from Verizon Wireless to end an investigation into whether the company asked Google Inc. to withhold so-called "tethering" software for Internet sharing.
Until recently, phone companies charged extra fees to allow tethering, or sharing of Internet access between devices.
Applications stores, like those run by Google and Apple Inc., have worked with carriers and restricted apps that try to circumvent those fees. But Verizon's LTE network, which went live in late 2010, uses a slice of the airwaves that carries special conditions ? the carrier is not allowed to block any lawful applications from devices on the network.
Tuesday's action marks the first time the FCC has exercised its authority over that spectrum.
Verizon said it did not block customers from using third-party applications, and that the settlement "puts behind us concerns related to an employee's communication with an app store operator about tethering applications."
The FCC remarked that Verizon justified its tethering fees by saying that tetherers used more data on the network. But the company demanded the fees even from customers who paid for data based on how much they used, so those users were charged again for the same service.
A public-interest group, Free Press, complained to the FCC about Verizon's practices a year ago.
Verizon eliminated its tethering fees for limited-data plans last month, with the introduction of a new suite of "Share Everything" plans. It hasn't charged extra for tethering on the latest iPad, which is the first Apple Inc. device with LTE access.
Verizon Wireless is a joint venture of Verizon Communications Inc. of New York and Vodafone Group PLC of Britain.
Smartphones are rapidly becoming the most common device connected to the Internet.?For the first time ever last year, smartphone sales passed PC sales.
Now, everyone's attention is turning towards the future of mobile advertising.
BI Intelligence?has produced a comprehensive presentation on mobile advertising,?looking closely at the growth of smartphones and tablets, mobile usage trends, and emerging mobile advertising strategies.
Access The Full Presentation And Data By Signing Up For A Free Trial Today >>
Here's a quick breakdown of the dynamics surrounding mobile advertising:?
Mobile usage has -- and will continue to -- grow exponentially: Smartphone sales have overtaken PC sales, and will soon dawrf them.?There are over one billion smartphones in use, and it's still early in the conversation cycle (with six billion dumbphones in use).?Time spent on mobile is growing rapidly, accounting for more than 10% of total web traffic, and more than 50% of Pandora and Twitter use.?
The mobile ad market is still relatively small: Last year, the total U.S. mobile ad spend was approximately $1.25 billion, a tiny fraction of overall U.S. ad spend.?And most "mobile ads" were simply search and display ads viewed on mobile.?
Why? Mobile CPMS are low, and ads are oftentimes intrusive. Ad spending has therefore not caught up with time spent on mobile.?These will remain significant challenges to mobile ads.
But, native ad formats are emerging and we are seeing growth: The future of the Internet is mobile,?and new ad formats are being designed and tested. So far,?sponsored stories have proven most effective for the advertiser and least intrusive to the user. Facebook created a mobile sponsored story business with a run rate of $180 million in almost no time.
The presentation is full of charts and data that can be easily downloaded, and put to use.
In full, BI Intelligence's reports:
To access BI Intelligence's full reports on The Future of Mobile Advertising, sign up for a free trial subscription here.
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Public release date: 20-Aug-2012
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Last week, I picked apart a spammy ?SEO service? email and discussed why it was actually effective.
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